| 1. | A binary tree - based and dyadic indicated codification method is proposed in the digital watershed model ( dwm )
摘要在数字流域模型中提出了一种基于二叉树理论，并以二元形式表示的河网编码方法。 |
| 2. | Iv ) as a quantitative index of wateshed topography , topograph fractal demension can represent surface shape information of watershed topography in the round . reseach find that watershed model and actual watershed show good fractal character
通过研究发现：流域模型和实际流域地形都具有很好的分形特性，地形分形维数与流域地貌的发育过程有关，代表着流域的发育程度。 |
| 3. | In the late part of the active developing period , the temporal variation of sediment concentration and sediment transport ratio of each rainfall can be expressed by exponent function and the variation presents quadratic polynomial function in the stable developing period . the spatial variation character of sediment yields with space of the experimental watershed model . the active position of soil erosion and sediment yield of the experimental watershed model changes from the downside to the upside with the developing process of the watershed model
流域模型侵蚀产沙空间变化特征侵蚀产沙的活跃部位随流域模型发育过程呈现由流域模型下部逐渐向上部发展特征，其中流域模型下中部为发育初期时段和发育活跃时段侵蚀产沙的活跃部位，流域模型上部是发育稳定时段侵蚀产沙的活跃部位。 |
| 4. | In the early developing period and active developing period , the downside and middle part of the experimental watershed model are the active positions of soil erosion and sediment yield respectively , and the upside of the experimental watershed model in stable developing period of the watershed model . the main gully plays dominant role in the sediment yield process of the experimental watershed model
主沟在流域模型侵蚀产沙过程中居于主导地位，主沟的产沙量占流域模型总产沙量比例保持在48 . 7 - 66 . 6之间，在主沟的泥沙沉积量所占流域模型总泥沙沉积量的比例也保持在64 . 9 - 99 . 4之间。 |
| 5. | Based on the fractal character of the small watershed topographic feature , the spatial and temporal variation character of sediment yield of the watershed model , the dynamic developing process and fractal character of the topog raphic feature of the watershed model , and the coupling relationship between the sediment yield and the topographic feature of the watershed model are " studied by simulate experiment , fractal theory , high precise photogrammetry and gis technology . the validation research is conducted in chabagou watershed where the observation data of rainfall , sediment and runoff for 11 years is collected . the study provides new theory and method for the topographic feature quantitative research in the prediction model of small watershed sediment yield
本文依据流域地貌形态所具有的显著分形特征，从模拟实验出发，利用分形理论和方法，结合高精度摄影测量和gis技术，对流域模型侵蚀产沙时空变异特征、地貌形态发育过程及其相应的分形特征、流域模型侵蚀产沙与地貌形态耦合关系进行了深入研究，并以具有11年降雨泥沙径流观测资料的岔巴沟流域为例进行了验证研究，为实现从单坡面侵蚀产沙模拟、预报向流域侵蚀产沙模拟、预报转化过程中地貌形态参数的提取提供了理论和方法，为黄土高原小流域水土流失综合治理提供了科学实践依据。 |
| 6. | The following parts are the research results : the temporal variation character of sediment yields of the experimental watershed model . the average sediment transport ratio of every rainfall takes on obvious period character with the developing process of the experimental watershed model . early developing period ( from the first rainfall to the fifth rainfall ) , active developing period ( from the 6th rainfall to the 18th rainfall ) and stable developing period ( from the 19th rainfall to the 25th rainfall ) are defined
流域模型侵蚀产沙时序变化特征次降雨平均输沙率随流域模型发育过程表现出明显的时段性，即发育初期时段(第一场到第五场降雨) 、发育活跃时段(第六场到第十八场降雨)和发育相对稳定时段(第十九场到第二十五场降雨) 。 |
| 7. | Iii ) the result from simulating rainfall on watershed model indicats that changes of projective area , surface area and volume represented development of watershed physiognomy . volume of model body decreased and projective area and surface area increased with developing process of watershed model . when development of gully trending to stablization , projective area become stable and surface area changed fluctuantly
( 3 )流域模型的模拟降雨实验观测结果分析表明：流域模型地貌的发育演化主要体现在其投影面积、表面积和相对体积的变化上；流域模型投影面积和表面积在整个试验过程中一致增大，当沟道发育逐渐趋于稳定时，投影面积变化也趋于稳定，表面积则呈现出波动性变化。 |
| 8. | The proportion that the sediment yield of the main gully accounts for the total sediment yield of the experimental watershed model is from48 . 7 % to 66 . 6 % , and the proportion that deposition sediment yield of main gully accounts for the total deposition sediment yield of the experimental watershed model is from64 . 9 % to 99 . 4 % . the developing process of topographic feature of the experimental watershed model . expanding the gully width and cutting down the gully bottom are the two chief forms of the topographic feature development
流域模型地貌形态发育过程沟谷扩展和下切是流域模型地貌形态发育的主要形式，沟谷扩展发育主要发生在发育活跃时段，主沟所占沟谷总面积比例在流域模型沟谷扩展发育过程中保持在60以上：主支沟下切发育在发育初期和发育活跃时段前期表现最为剧烈，其横剖面为v字形，在发育初期和稳定时期时段呈现浅u字形和底部较为平坦的梯形，主沟的横剖面发育明显优先于各支沟。 |
| 9. | Topography fractal dimension related with process of development of watershed physiognomy and represented degree of watershed development , v ) sediment yield intensity of watershed model reflected erosion characteristic of watershed model in different development phase . simulating experiment indicated that sediment yield intensity took on the trend that they changed from small to big then decreased gradually . the relationship of average sediment transport rate and sediment yield rate per mm rainfall with topography fractal demension is expressed by gaussian model and this model is similar with relationship between volume and surface area
( 5 )流域模型产沙强度的变化反映了流域模型在不同发育阶段的侵蚀特征，模拟试验研究结果表明：在整个流域模型地貌地貌的发育过程中，其产沙强度呈现由小到大，然后又逐渐减小的总体趋势，流域模型单位降雨产沙率及平均输沙率与地形分维数表现为gaussian模型关系，其关系形式与结论3中相对体积和表面积之间关系相似，进一步说明了以地形分维数表达地形变化的合理性。 |
| 10. | It shows that topograhy fractal demension is reseanable in describing change of topography . based on this model and after introducing runoff erosivity factor , sediment yield model of watershed model was setup by using multi - regression analysis method . vi ) the relationship model between watershed topography parameter and
该关系模型以地形分维数为地形量化参数，以径流侵蚀力代表径流侵蚀土壤和搬运泥沙的能力，揭示了地貌形态因素和径流侵蚀力与输沙模数之间的内在关系;但此关系模型仅考虑了地形因子，还需考虑土壤、植被以及流域治理因素等综合影响。 |
